A vaga romântica da literatura que cedo se expandiu de França até o mundo ocidental veio a colocar o escritor e poeta próximo da Natureza. Esta corrente literária tem paralelo nos Estados Unidos com o pastorialismo que se desenvolve a partir do século XVII. De acordo com estes as explorações são apresentadas na primeira pessoa numa descrição real Exemplo disso são J. White, Th. Cole e George Marsh(1). O pastorialismo é uma revolta pacifica contra a Revolução Industrial.
Dois livros demarcam o romantismo americano Walde. Or Life in the Woods(1854) de Henry David Thoreau e Moby-Dick (1851) de H. Melville. Este último é, segundo Annie Dillard, "the best book ever written about nature"(2).
Thoreau é uma referência no panorama de "nature writing". A sua obra abriu uma nova era na valorização do mundo natural pela influência que teve. Thoreau afirmava que "a writer is the scribe of all nature""(3) e que tem como função fazer compreender a natureza. Ele é na verdade o escritor mais popular da literatura romântica nos EUA e que influenciou com a sua obra os estudos de História Natural(4). É, por isso mesmo considerado o santo patrono dos escritores sobre o meio-ambiente americano(5).
Se Thoreau merece o epíteto de patrono dos escritores da Natureza já John Muir (1813-1914) e John Burroughs (1837-1921) estão nas origens do movimento ecológico(6). Movimento que tem a sua plena afirmação no post segunda guerra mundial, com reflexos evidentes no discurso literário(7).
Na poesia americana a expressão mais evidente do romantismo é Wodsworth(8). Mas note-se que a Natureza é um constante motivo de inspiração dos poetas. Mesmo Fernando Pessoa[1888-1935] num dos seus heterónimos não perde a oportunidade para afirmar: Além disso, fui o único poeta da natureza"(9).
Nos últimos anos editaram-se diversas colectâneas destes textos agora recuperados numa perspectiva de História do meio-ambiente(10).
Em Portugal o romantismo legou-nos algumas paginas de ouro da literatura do século XIX. A produção literária e de estudos teóricos(11) envolve alguns dos nomes sonantes: que vão desde Júlio Dinis a Almeida Garrett. É aliás o primeiro quem inaugura a escola naturalista com os Serões na Província(1870)(12).
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